书上说,

不可以说The train arrived at Platform No.3 is from Shanghai.

只能说The train WHICH HAS arrived at Platform No.3 is from Shanghai.

理由是:arrive是不及物动词。

但却可以说The train just now arrived at Platform No.3 is from Shanghai.

理由是:由于arrive前有副词just now修饰了。

但又说少数不及物动词become, grow等的-ed分词有时也能形成-ed分词分句作后置修饰语,说明被修饰的名词所处的状况,比如:

We visted his hometown, grown prosperous and beautiful.

以上书上讲的这类,没了解。

麻烦老师能否解说一下为何?


不及物动词的过去分词,可以作定语,只表完成,不表被动。通常都是单个的过去分词作前置定语,极少后置。不过,这个时候已经演变为分词形容词了。比如:
My mother is a retired nurse. 我母亲是位退休的护士。
Look! There are fallen leaves everywhere. 瞧,到处都是落叶。
若是不及物动词的过去分词短语作后置定语,应用定语从句。所以,句1错误,句2正确,句3尽量防止,由于非常难把握这种后置定语:
1. The train arrived at Platform No.3 is from Shanghai.(误)
2. The train WHICH HAS arrived at Platform No.3 is from Shanghai.(正)
3. The train just now arrived at Platform No.3 is from Shanghai.(???)

当然,语言交流和表达趋于简练,确实有不及物动词(包含系动词)短语作后置定语的状况。比如:
We visted his hometown, grown prosperous and beautiful.
I have won the championship. It is just a dream come true.